A new theory that tries to answer the question of what is
this world made of!, STRING THEORY. In the year 1968 a young researcher
Gabriele Veneziano trying to discover a strong force used strings to model
particles.
Ordinary matter in this world is made of atoms, which
is again made of its basic components (electrons, whirling around the nucleus
composed of electrons and protons .)
Electrons are themselves the fundamental particle,
(which falls in the category of leptons.) But from researches, it is found that
neutrons and protons are further formed by smaller particles called “quarks”.
Our current knowledge abt subatomic composition of the universe is summarized
in what is known as the Standard Model of particle physics.it discusses the fundamental building blocks with
which the world is made of, and the forces through which these blocks interact.
There are 12 of these building blocks, out of which 6 are quarks the are:
- · Up,
- · strange ,
- · charm,
- · Down,
- · bottom,
- · Top. (a proton is made of 2 up and 1 down quarks)
The other 6 are leptons, these
include ex;
Electrons, neutrino, muon
neutrino, tau neutrino
There are four fundamental forces in this universe:
Gravitational force, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force and
weak nuclear force. Each of this is produced by fundamental particles which act
as a carrier of force. Most familiar to this is photons which are particles of
light, which is a mediator of the electromagnetic force.
(this means, for instance, a magnet
attracts a nail because of both the objects exchange photons )
Similar to this the gravitational forces, the particle associated with it is gravitons. The strong forces are
carried by eight particles known as gluons. Finally, the weak forces are
transmitted by three particles the W+, W-, and the Z. In the last few decades,
the String theory has emerged as the most promising candidate for microscopic
theory of gravity. And it is infinitely more ambitious than that, it attempts
to provide a complete, unified and consistent description of the fundamental
structure of our universe. (The reason sometimes it is arrogantly quoted as
the “The Theory of Everything”).
If the string theory is correct:
Then under a great
powerful microscope, we would realize the electrons are not only points, but
it is made of tiny loops of strings of energy. A string can oscillate or vibrate other than moving. Due to
different oscillation or vibration in a different direction which forms
electrons, photons, quarks etc. So if the string theory is proved then the
whole universe is made of tiny oscillating strings!- Rwitoban Dey,
AEIE 1st year,
Heritage Institute of Technology,
Kolkata.
IMG Source: forbes.com
Very good effort. .please keep posting more n more..
ReplyDeleteGood effort..Keep it up...hope to read more articles in future in molecular physics and Nuclear theory
ReplyDeleteGreat work brother
ReplyDelete